Malic Acid DL-苹果酸

CAS 6915-15-7 MFCD00064212

化学结构图

6915-15-7
SMILES: O=C(O)CC(O)C(=O)O

化学属性

Mol. FormulaC4H6O5
Mol. Weight134.09
Autoignition Point644 °F
Vapor Density4.6 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure<;0.1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Melting Point131-133°C
Density1.250
Flash Point203°(397°F)
SolubilitySoluble in acetone, dioxane, water, methanol and ethanol. Insoluble in benzene.
TSCAYes
Stability对光敏感
Appearance 苹果酸在正常情况下稳定,湿度高时有吸湿性。三斜晶系白色晶体。 易溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和其他许多极性溶剂。
Boiling Point306.4 °C at 760 mmHg

别名和识别编码

Chemical NameDL-Malic acid
Synonym Malic acid {LY} Malic acid calcium (hydroxy-1-malate) hexahydrate malate malic acid malic acid, (R)-isomer malic acid, calcium salt, (1:1), (S)-isomer malic acid, disodium salt malic acid, disodium salt, (R)-isomer malic acid, disodium salt, (S)-isomer malic acid, magnesium salt (2:1) malic acid, monopotassium salt, (+-)-isomer malic acid, potassium salt, (R)-isomer malic acid, sodium salt, (+-)-isomer {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Malic acid {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}
MDL NumberMFCD00064212
CAS Number6915-15-7
Beilstein Registry Number1723539
PubChem Substance ID525
EC Number230-022-8
Merck Number5707
Chemical Name TranslationDL-苹果酸
Reaxys-RN1723539
Wiswesser Line NotationQVYQ1VQ -L
LabNetwork Molecule IDLN00223653
InChIInChI=1S/C4H6O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2,5H,1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)
Canonical SMILESO=C(O)C(O)CC(O)=O
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分类

  • {SNA} Acids, Acids & Bases, Building Blocks, C1 to C5, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Chemical Synthesis, Organic Acids,
  • {uni_hamburg} no charge; carboxylic acid; alcohol; racemate; 1fragment
  • {Chemicalbook} 食品添加剂: 酸度调节剂
  • {SNA} A-D, Alphabetical Listings, Flavors and Fragrances, Kosher Certified Products, M-N
  • {SA} Flavors and Fragrances, I-N, Kosher Certified Products
  • {SNA} Analytical/Chromatography, Pharmacopoeia, Pharmacopoeia A-Z
  • {SNA} Pharmacopoeia, Pharmacopoeia A-Z, 分析/色谱
  • {SNA} Building Blocks, C1 to C5, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Chemical Synthesis, O

产品应用

  • 用作清凉饮料(如乳酸菌饮料、乳饮料、汽水、可乐)、冷冻食品(如果子露、冰激凌等),加工食品(如果子酒、蛋黄酱)的酸味剂,水果饮料等的色泽保持剂、防腐剂和蛋黄等的乳化稳定剂。用途还包括用作药品、化妆品、洗牙液、金属清洁剂、缓冲剂、纺织工业中的阻凝剂,聚脂纤维的荧光增白剂的原料。

相关文献及参考

  • Merck: 14,5707
  • Merck: 14,5707 Beilstein: 3,435 / Beil. 3,IV,1124
  • Short: IV/1a
  • Short: IV/1b
  • Short: IV/24
  • [1]. Dai Z, et al. Current advance in biological production of malic acid using wild type and metabolic engineered strains. Bioresour Technol. 2018 Jun;258:345-353.

安全信息

GHS Symbol
WGK Germany3
Hazard statements
  • H302 Harmful if swallowed 吞食有害
  • H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
  • H318 Causes serious eye damage 严重伤害眼睛
  • H319 Causes serious eye irritation 严重刺激眼睛
  • H335 May cause respiratory irritation 可能导致呼吸道刺激
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
RTECSON7175000
Precautionary statements
  • P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
  • P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling. 处理后要彻底洗净双手。
  • P264+P265
  • P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西,喝水或吸烟。
  • P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.? 只能在室外或通风良好的地方使用。
  • P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
  • P301+P312
  • P301+P312+P330
  • P301+P317
  • P302+P350
  • P302+P352
  • P302+P352+P332+P313+P362+P364
  • P304+P340
  • P305+P351+P338
  • P305+P354+P338
  • P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 立即呼救解毒中心或医生/医师。
  • P312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. 如果你感觉不适,呼叫解毒中心或医生/医师。
  • P317
  • P319
  • P321 Specific treatment (see … on this label). 具体治疗(见本标签上的)。
  • P330 Rinse mouth. 漱口
  • P332+P313
  • P332+P317
  • P337+P313
  • P337+P317
  • P362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. 脱掉污染的衣服,清洗后方可重新使用
  • P362+P364
  • P403+P233
  • P405 Store locked up. 上锁保管。
  • P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
Signal word
Safety Statements
  • S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后,立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见;
  • S36 Wear suitable protective clothing 穿戴适当的防护服;
  • S36/37/39 Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服、手套和眼睛/面保护;
  • S36/39 Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的防护服和眼睛/面保护;
  • S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的手套和眼睛/面保护;
  • S39 Wear eye/face protection 戴眼睛/面孔保护装置;
  • S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 该物质及其容器必须作为危险废物处置;
Risk Statements
  • R22 Harmful if swallowed 吞咽有害
  • R36 Irritating to eyes 刺激眼睛
  • R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
  • R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin 对呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
  • R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes 有严重损伤眼睛的危险
Hazard Codes Xi Xn Xn,Xi
Storage condition Store at room temperature {LY} Store at room temperature {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} { {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Store at room temperature {} {} {} {} {} {
TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 50 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
   G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
   Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 2C,4937,1982

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton,
   G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82.
   Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 2C,4937,1982

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   KODAK* Kodak Company Reports.  (343 State St., Rochester, NY 14650)
   Volume(issue)/page/year: #82-0458

UN Number
Packing Group

其他信息

  • 用途四:用作清凉饮料的酸味剂(纯清凉饮料、浓缩清凉饮料、粉末清凉饮料、乳酸菌饮料、乳饮料、汽水、可乐饮料),冷食品的酸味剂(果子露、冰激凌),加工食品的酸味剂(口香糖、水果糖、果子酱、桔子皮果酱、茄汁、辣酱油、醋、果子酒、蛋黄酱、人造黄油),抗酸剂,水果饮料等的色调保持剂,防腐剂(蛋黄酱等的乳化稳定剂)。将DL-苹果酸用碳酸钠溶液中和,真空浓缩制得DL-苹果酸钠([63474-37-3])。也是一种调味品,肾炎患者的食盐代用品。苹果酸酯可作人造奶油和其他食用油脂的添加
  • 方法二:将反丁烯二酸或顺丁烯二酸经高温高压催化加水,可制得DL-苹果酸。将反丁烯二酸溶解于蒸馏水,预热至50℃加入高压反应器内。加热至180-199℃,压力约1MPa,反应8h后降温至100℃以下,将
  • 食品添加剂最大允许使用量最大允许残留量标准:添加剂中文名称 允许使用该种添加剂的食品中文名称 添加剂功能 最大允许使用量(g/kg) 最大允许残留量(g/
  • 方法一:苹果酸的生产有化学合成法、发酵法和酶(或微生物)转化法。 1DL-苹果酸的化学合成 将200kg顺丁烯二酸酐溶于400kg水,于不锈钢高压釜中,185~C±3℃和1.0MPa下搅拌反应6~8h。在反应过程中,当温度>;120℃时,顺丁烯二酸与水作用生成苹果酸;而当温度>;130℃时,顺丁烯二酸本身也异构化为反丁烯二酸。而在反应条件下,苹果酸又与反丁烯二酸存在着一种平衡。因此当反应结束后,顺丁烯二酸与苹果酸的比例为1:1.7。若在反应初期,按比例加入反丁烯二酸,则收率可由63%上升到90%以上。反应物冷却至l00℃以下后,压人蒸馏釜于60℃下减压浓缩,再经冷却、结晶、离心分离、干燥而得成品。 2微生物(或酶)转化反丁烯二酸生产L-苹果酸 短杆菌、黄色短杆菌和产氨短杆菌等微生物均能使反丁烯二酸转化为苹果酸。先将原料反丁烯二酸与碳酸钙反应生成反丁烯二酸钙,再经转化柱(37℃)作用,生成苹果酸钙,经提
  • 外观性质:苹果酸在正常情况下稳定,湿度高时有吸湿性。易溶于甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和其他许多极性溶剂。酸性较强,其0.001%水溶液pH值为3.80,0.01%者pH值为2.80,1%者pH值为2.35。离解常数k1为4×10-4,k2为9×10-6。三斜晶系白色晶体。摩尔溶解热-20.516kJ/mol,粘度(SO2水溶液,25℃)6.5mPa・s。密度:1.601熔点:129-133 °C
  • {
  • 常规方法:小包装(23kg)可用多层纸袋包装,大包装用纤维板桶装。50%工业级苹果酸溶液可用槽车运输,贮存中应避免高温、高湿度,以免结块。
  • 蒸气密度:4.6 (vs air)
  • 防护措施:参见“L-苹果酸”。
  • 参考质量标准:DL-苹果酸(FCC,1981) L-苹果酸(GB 13737--1992) 含量/% ≥99.5 ≥99.0 熔程/℃ 130~132 灰分/% ≤0.1 ≤0.1 顺丁烯二酸/% ≤O.5 反丁烯二酸/% ≤0.5 重金属(以Pb 计)/% ≤0.002 ≤0.002 砷(以As计)/% ≤0.0003 ≤0.0003 铅/% ≤0.001 水不溶物/% ≤0.1 硫酸盐(以SO4 2- 计)/% ≤0.03 氯化物(以Cl ->计)/% ≤0.005 比旋光
  • 用途一:碱量法标准。
  • 用途三:苹果酸是国际公认的一种安全的食品添加剂,作酸味剂、保鲜剂和Ph值调节剂用,其酸味柔和且持久性长,酸味比柠檬酸强20%
  • FEMA:2655
  • Sigma Aldrich:6915-15-7(sigmaaldrich)
  • 图谱信息:DL-苹果酸(6915-15-7)核磁图( 13 CNMR) DL-苹果酸(6915-15-7)红外图谱(IR1) DL-苹果酸(6915-15-7)核磁图( 1 HNMR) DL-苹果酸(6915-15-7)质谱(MS)
  • MSDS 信息:DL-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid(617-48-1).msds
  • 蒸气压:<;0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
  • 上游原料:碳酸钙 --> 马来酸酐 --> 马来酸 --> 富马酸

系列性分类


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