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分类

• {SA} Biochemicals and Reagents, Cofactor, Isoprenoid, Lipids, Metabolic Pathways, Metabolites and Cofactors on the Metabolic Pathways Chart, Metabolomics,
• Alphabetic, Analytical Standards, Analytical/Chromatography, Biochemicals and Reagents, Chromatography, Fat-Soluble Vitamins, Food & Beverage Standards
• {SNA} Biochemical
• {SNA} Cofactor, Isoprenoid, Prenols, Vitamin K, Vitamin K2, Vitamins, 代谢组学, 代谢通路, 代谢通路图中的代谢产物和辅酶分子, 生化试剂, 细胞生物学, 脂类, 营养研究

相关文献及参考

• [2]. Kim M, et al. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 Sep;53(2):108-13.
• Merck 14 ,5833
• [1]. Noda S, et al. Menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2) up-regulates expression of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase in Caco-2 cells. Nutr Res. 2016 Nov;36(11):1269-1276.
• [1]. Noda S, et al. Menaquinone-4 (vitamin K2) up-regulates expression of human intestinal alkaline phosphatase in Caco-2 cells. Nutr Res. 2016 Nov;36(11):1269-1276.
• [2]. Kim M, et al. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone-4) supplementation improves bone formation in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2013 Sep;53(2):108-13.

安全信息

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : >40 mL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Skin and Appendages - hair
REFERENCE :
   KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.  Clinical Report.  (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
   Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan)  V.1-    1960-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 25,2003,1991

TYPE OF TEST            : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : >5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
REFERENCE :
   OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri.  Pharmacometrics.  (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180,
   Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1-    1967-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,445,1971

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri.  Pharmacometrics.  (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180,
   Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1-    1967-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,445,1971

TYPE OF TEST            : LD - Lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : >5 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFE

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : >40 mL/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Skin and Appendages - hair
REFERENCE :
   KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.  Clinical Report.  (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
   Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan)  V.1-    1960-
   Volume(issue)/pag

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 3 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
   OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri.  Pharmacometrics.  (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180,
   Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1-    1967-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,469,1971

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 270 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : multigenerations
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4
   per # born alive)
REFERENCE :
   KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.  Clinical Report.  (Yubunsha Co., Ltd., 1-5, Kanda
   Suda-Cho, Chiyoda-ku, KS Bldg., Tokyo 101, Japan)  V.1-    1960-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 15,1143,1981

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 6 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 9-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
   OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri.  Pharmacometrics.  (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180,
   Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1-    1967-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,469,1971

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 7-12 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Sp

其他信息

• MOL 文件:863-61-6.mol
• 维生素:四烯甲萘醌又称维生素K2，是一种含有甲萘醌基本结构并具有抗出血作用的天然存在的维生素，1929年戴姆发现自然界中的维生素K有K1和K2两种，均为萘醌类化合物。本品为黄色晶体或油状液体，不溶于水，易溶于有机溶剂和植物油中，耐热，但易被光破坏。能促进肝脏合成凝血酶原，调节凝血因子Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的合成，从而加速血液凝固。另外，在细胞内对葡萄糖磷酸化起重要作用。在某些细菌(如分枝杆菌)内，可作呼吸链的组分。缺乏后，凝血时间延长，故在有创伤时，会流血不止。人和动物肠道内细菌能合成，故一般不易得缺乏症。肝、鱼、肉以及白菜和菠菜等绿叶蔬菜中含量丰富。 本品可由微生物，包括动物肠道细菌合成，还可从腐败鱼粉提得。 人类肠道细菌能制造四烯甲萘醌（维生素K2），故平时无缺乏之虞。但如长期服磺胺药物或抗生素抑制细菌，或有任何引起脂类吸收不良的情况： 如胆管阻塞、便脂、热带腹泻、胰功能障碍等，皆将导致维生素K缺乏。平时无害的小伤对缺乏K的动物也可引起流血不止而死亡。故肠梗阻与胆管阻塞患者在手术前必需注射维生素K。新生婴儿肠腔无菌也可出现缺K新生儿出血症，可延续到肠腔有菌为止。产前向孕妇注射K可以防止。如直接对新生儿注射则一次不宜过多，以免引起高胆红素血症及黄疸。成年人只要肠内脂肪吸收良好就无缺乏维生素K的危险。人们熟知缺乏维生素K的患者，血液中凝血酶原减少，凝血时间延长。故认为K的主要功能为促进凝血酶原在肝中的合成。经多年研究后发现维生素K对凝血因子Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ等在肝中的生成也有促进作用。缺乏K时血中这些凝血因子都将下降。正因为如此，当患肝癌或肝硬化时，肝组织受到严重破坏，肝功能失常，虽给予维生素K亦无效。 对维生素K的生化作用机制，曾有过争论。最近认为它不是促进凝血酶原这种蛋白质的生物合成，而仅仅是将酶原前身物分子N末端10个谷氨酸残基γ羧化转变成为能与Ca2+结合的凝血酶原。显然γ羧化了谷氨酸残基就是凝血酶原结合Ca2+的地方。这种γ羧化作用需要维生素K的参加。γ羧基化可能广泛存在。维生素K对合成四种凝血因子皆有重要关系。
• Sigma Aldrich:863-61-6(sigmaaldrich)
• 性状:从丙酮-乙醇或甲醇-氯仿中得到的一种黄色晶体，分子量580.90，熔点为51～52℃，不溶于水，微溶于油，溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮、苯、氯仿等有机溶剂，但其溶解度较维生素K1稍差。受强酸、氧化剂、碱及光的作用而分解。广存于绿叶和蔬菜中，也存于鱼、肉、乳酪和肝油中。可从粟叶和腐烂的鱼肉中提取而得，也可用2-甲基萘醌-1，4为原料合成。有促进凝血作用，对控制血液凝固有效的脂溶性维生素。用于治疗胆痿病和新生儿出血病等。