Hydrocyanic acid 氢氰酸

CAS 74-90-8 MFCD00242847

化学结构图

74-90-8
SMILES: C#N

化学属性

Mol. FormulaCHN
Mol. Weight27.03
Solubility与水混溶，可混溶于乙醇、乙醚、甘油、苯、氯仿。

别名和识别编码

Chemical NameHydrocyanic acid
Synonym formonitrile HCN formic anammonide Hydrocyanic acid Prussic acid, unstabilized Carbon hydride nitride (CHN) Blausäure 1 - 2.5% CHN Bl hydrogen cyanide >= 25% Cyanwasserstoff hydrogen cyanide 2.5 - 7% 氢氰酸 Cyclon hydrogen cyani Blausäure 0.25 - 1% Carbon hydride nitride (chn) RCRA waste number P063 Cyaanwaterstof {uni_hambu Cyanwasserstoff 7 - 25% Hydrogencyanid 7 - 25% Hydrogencyanid >= 25% Hydrogen Hydrogen cyanide Blausaeure Cyanwasserstoff 1 - 2.5% hydrogen cyanide 0.1 - 0.25% {uni_ham carbon hydride nitride Formic anammonide Blausäure 2.5 - 7% {uni hydrocyanic acid 0.25 - 1% Cyanwasserstoff 0.1 - 0.25% hydrocyanic acid 7 - 25% hydrogen cyanide 1 - 2.5% Cyanwasserstoff 0.25 - 1% Hydrogen Cyanide, Anhydrous hydrocyanic acid 0.1 - 0.25% hydrogen cyanide 0.25 - 1% Hydrogencyanid 0.25 - 1% Aero Liquid hydrocyanic acid Hydrogencyanid 0.1 - 0.25% Blauwzuur Cyclone B Evercyn hydrogen cyanide 7 - 25% HYDROGEN CYANIDE, ANHYDROUS, STABILIZED Blausäure >= 25% Cyanwasserstoff 2.5 - 7% {uni_h hydrogen cyanide, stabilized, absorbed in porous material Cyanwasserstoff >= 25% hydrocyanic acid >= 25% Formonitrile hydrocyanic acid 1 - 2.5% Blausäure 0.1 - 0.25%
Chemical Name Translation氢氰酸
CAS Number74-90-8
Wiswesser Line NotationH CN
Beilstein Registry Number1718793
PubChem Substance ID768
InChIInChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H
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分类

  • {uni_hamburg} no charge; cyanide; 1fragment
  • {Chemicalbook} 无机化工产品: 无机盐: Cg氰化物

相关文献及参考

  • {uni_
  • Short: II/14a Title: Molecular Constants: Diamagnetic Molecules Author: Demaison, J.; Dubrulle, A.; Hüttner, W.; Tiemann, E. Editor: Hellwege, K.-H.; Hellwege, A.M. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series Volume: II/14a Page: 1-788 Year: 1982 Keyword: organic compounds; molecular constants; spectroscopy; microwave spectroscopy ISBN: 3-540-11365-7 ISBN: 978-3-540-11365-2 Internet Resource: DOI:10.1007/b19966 RefComment: 196 figs., XI
  • Short: II/19a Title: Molecular Constants: Rotational, l-type, Centrifugal Distortion and Related Constants of Diamagnetic Diatomic, Linear, and Symmetric Top Molecules Author: Demaison, J.; Hüttner, W.; Tiemann, E.; Wlodarczak, G. Editor: Hüttner, W. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series Volume: II/19a Year: 1992 Keyword: organic compounds; molecular constants; spectroscopy; microwave spectroscopy ISBN: 3-540-54409-7 ISBN: 978-3-540-54409-8 Internet Resource: DOI:10.1007/b42304 RefComment: XI, 143 pages. Abstract: Volume II/19 Molecular Constants mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy is a supplement to the earlier volumes II/4, II/6, and II/14. The slight change in the title reflects current trends in the applications of spectroscopic methods. Together, the four volumes collect all the critically evaluated data published up to 1989/90 on constants of free molecules obtained by classical and modern spectroscopy. Volume II/19 is divided into four parts to record the growing number of investigations, especially in the microwave and millimeter wave regions, where modern techniques like Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy have made new objects of interest such as molecular complexes and clusters accessible to study. Subvolume II/19a contains a general introduction and tables of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of diamagnetic, diatomic, linear and symmetric top molecules, which specify the frequences of the rotational transitions of these types of rotor.

安全信息

Safety Statements
  • S38 In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment 通风不良时，佩带适当的呼吸器；
  • S7/9 Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place 保持容器严格密闭，置于通风良好的场所；
  • S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking 远离火源，禁止吸烟；
  • S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时，立即求医（可能时出示标签）；
  • S36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves 穿戴适当的防护服和手套；
  • S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste 该物质及其容器必须作为危险废物处置；
  • S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet 避免释放到环境中，参考特别指示/安全收据说明书；
Hazard Codes F+,T+,N
Risk Statements
  • R26 Very toxic by inhalation 吸入极毒
  • R12 Extremely flammable 极端易燃
  • R26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 吸入，皮肤接触及吞食都有剧毒
  • R50/53
UN Number 1051
Warnings 危化品目录(2015) 危险化学品
RTECSMW6825000 
TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowes

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Human - man
DOSE/DURATION           : 1471 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   85DCAI "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M.,
   Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970  Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,73,1970

TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
   Pharmakologie.  (Berlin, Ger.) V.110-253, 1925-66.  For publisher
   information, see NSAPCC.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 138,65,1928

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 3700 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   APFRAD Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises.  (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil,
   France)  V.1-    1943-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,740,1961

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Bird - domestic
DOSE/DURATION           : 100 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   HBAMAK "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." (Leipzig,
   Ger. Dem. Rep.)  Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,1340,1935

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

Restrict 剧毒化学品

其他信息

  • 用途:可作灭柑橘树害虫的特效农药。制造氰化物，用于仓库和船舶等消毒。还用于合成丁腈橡胶、合成纤维、塑料、有机玻璃及钢铁表面渗氮。
  • MOL 文件:74-90-8.mol
  • PackingGroup:I
  • HazardClass:6.1(a)
  • 生产方法:氰化钠法将氰化钠与硫酸直接发生反应，经冷凝并加入少量无机酸作稳定剂，即得氢氰酸产品，其 2NaCN+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2HCN
  • 外观性质:无色透明液体，有苦杏仁味，易挥发。
  • 毒性:浓度高时急性中毒，几乎会立即失去知觉，发生呼吸麻痹，不久出现心脏麻痹。浓度较低时，中毒最初阶段：喉咙搔痒，口中有苦辣味道、流涎、头晕，胃部感到发热、恶心、呕吐，有大便感觉，呼吸加快，加深，头部充血，心悸等。之后进入呼吸困难、痉挛、麻痹或窒息阶段。 慢性中毒表现为头痛、乏力、易疲劳、全身不适、头晕、多汗、恶心、上腹部痛、消化不良、四肢及心脏疼痛、心动过速。对皮肤表现出弱刺激作用，进入眼内可引起局部的刺激作用。 最高容许浓度为0.3 mg/m 3 。致死量为1 mg/kg(体重)。 中毒事故发生时，应速将患者抬到空气新鲜处，脱去污染衣服，安静、保温，用解毒剂连续进行解毒治疗。首先吸入滴在棉花上的亚硝酸异戊酯，然后静脉注射10～15 ml、2%NaNO2，溶液或50 ml蓝色蒙，经3～5 min后，再静脉注射30%硫代硫酸钠溶液50 ml。每10 min以半量重复给予解毒剂，2～3次。同时给患者吸氧，待出现呼吸恢复后住院治疗。 工作时可采用B型过滤式工业用防毒面具，当氰化氢浓度为(10±1)mg/L时，防护时间为30min。带有对烟和粉尘有效的防护过滤器，防护时间为70 min。必须用橡胶及塑料保护皮肤，必须保证氰化氢排出装置的密闭性。 应在危险地区采取监测和音响警报，当氰化氢浓度达5 mg/m 3 时，发出指示不应晚于6 min。应严格遵守个人卫生措施，所有工人必须了解氰化物的有害作用及对患者的急救措施，每年进行定期体检。
  • 参考质量标准:参考标准 指标名称 指标 氰化氢(HCN)/%≥ 90

系列性分类

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