2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚, BHT 2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚

CAS 128-37-0 MFCD00011644

化学结构图

128-37-0
SMILES: Cc1cc(C(C)(C)C)c(O)c(C(C)(C)C)c1

化学属性

Mol. FormulaC15H24O
Mol. Weight220.36
Boiling Point265°C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point69-73°C
Density1.048
Flash Point127°C
TSCAYes
Autoignition Point878 °F
Vapor Density7.6 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure<;0.01 mmHg ( 20 °C)
SolubilitySoluble in ethanol (100 mg/ml), chloroform, DMSO (≥30 mg/ml), and DMF (≥ 30 mg/ml). Insoluble in water(0.6 mg/ml).
Refractive index1.4859

别名和识别编码

Chemical Name2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚, BHT
CAS Number128-37-0
Synonym Butylated hydroxytoluene {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} Butylated hydroxytoluene {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}
PubChem Substance ID31404
EC Number204-881-4
Beilstein Registry Number1911640
MDL NumberMFCD00011644
Reaxys-RN1911640
Merck Number1548
Chemical Name Translation2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚
Wiswesser Line Notation1X1&1&R BQ E1 CX1&1&1
LabNetwork Molecule IDLN00193652
InChIInChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7/h8-9,16H,1-7H3
Canonical SMILESOC1=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C(C)C=C1C(C)(C)C
信息真实价格透明    资金保障    专业采购外包团队在线服务   
信息真实价格透明    资金保障    专业采购外包团队在线服务   
品牌质保精细包装    现货库存    一流品牌服务   

分类

  • {SNA} Bioactive Small Molecules, Build
  • {SNA} Additional Standards, Analytical Standards, Antioxidants, Antioxidants & Preservatives, Chromatography, E numbers (Food Additives), E300&#x2013;E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators), E321, Food & Beverage Standards, Food and Cosmetic Component Standards, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standards, Pharmaceutical Standards, Pharmacopeia Metrological Institutes Standards, Secondary Standards, Standards for Personal Care and Cosmetic Products, Trigger for Food Allergies & Intolerances, 分析/色谱
  • {SNA} Building Blocks, C9 to C20+, Chemical Synthesis, Organic Building Blocks, Oxygen Compounds,
  • {SNA} A-B, A-D,

产品应用

  • 有机合成。抗氧剂

相关文献及参考

  • Short: II/27B
  • Radical inhibitor and antioxidant, readily soluble in nonpolar media. Finds widespread use in the inhibition of peroxide formation in ether solvents and also as a preservative/ antioxidant for unsaturated oils and fats in the food, synthetic rubber and paint industries.
  • Source of t-butyl group in aromatic substitution reactions. For reviews of the use of t-butyl as a positional protecting group for aromatic substitution reactions, readily removable with, e.g. AlCl 3 in toluene, see: Org. Prep. Proced. Int., 8, 51 (1976); Synthesis, 921 (1979).
  • Beilstein:6(3)2073

安全信息

GHS Symbol
WGK Germany1
Hazard Codes 9
Hazard statements
  • H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
  • H411 Toxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects 对水生生物有毒性并具有长期影响。
  • H302 Harmful if swallowed 吞食有害
  • H319 Causes serious eye irritation 严重刺激眼睛
  • H410 Verytoxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects 对水生生物毒性非常大并具有长期影响。
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
RTECSGO7875000
Precautionary statements
  • P201 Obtain special instructions before use. 使用前获取专门指示。
  • P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. 已阅读并理解所有的安全预防措施之前，切勿操作。
  • P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
  • P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
  • P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西，喝水或吸烟。
  • P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
  • P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
  • P301+P312+P330
  • P302+P352
  • P305+P351+P338
  • P305+P351+P338+P337+P313
  • P308+P311
  • P391 Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment 收集对水环境有危害的泄漏物。
  • P405 Store locked up. 上锁保管。
  • P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
Signal word Warning
Safety Statements
  • S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 眼睛接触后，立即用大量水冲洗并征求医生意见；
  • S29 Do not empty into drains 不要排入下水道；
  • S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection 穿戴适当的手套和眼睛/面保护；
  • S57 Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination 使用适当容器避免环境污染；
Risk Statements
  • R22 Harmful if swallowed 吞咽有害
  • R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
  • R50/53
UN Number 3077 UN3077
Packing GroupIII
Storage condition RT, stored under nitrogen {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {LY} RT, stored under nitrogen {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {} {}
Hazard Class9 
TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 963 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
   FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology.  (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
   Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)  V.20-    1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   24,1071,1986

TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lo

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 134 gm/kg/32W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
   Tumorigenic - cells (cultured) transformed
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Ox

TYPE OF TEST

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 435 mg/kg/69W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
   Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
   FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics Toxicology.  (London, UK)  V.1-19, 1963-81.  For
   publisher information, see FCTOD7.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,367,1974

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 134 gm/kg/32W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
   Tumorigenic - cells (cultured) transformed
REFERENCE :
   CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House,
   Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION           : 940 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
   Behavioral - tremor
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
   AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health.  (Chicago, IL)  V.11-21, 1955-60.
   For publisher information, see AEHLAU.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,93,1955

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 180 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - sleep
REFERENCE :
   JMCMAR Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.  (American Chemical Soc.,
   Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC
   20037)  V.6-    1963-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,1350,1980

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 890 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   NEOLA4 Neoplasma.  (Karger-Libri, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.4-
      1957-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1977

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 2100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
   Behavioral - tremor
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
   AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health.  (Chicago, IL)  V.11-21, 1955-60.
   For publisher information, see AEHLAU.  Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,93,1955

TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1200 mg/kg/3D (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   DANKAS Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR.  Proceedings of the Acad

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA inhibition
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 20 umol/L
REFERENCE :
   BBRCA9 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.  (Academic
   Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802)  V.1-    1959-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 80,963,1978

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in microorganisms
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 6 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.  (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E.
   11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.10-    1987-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   11,91,1988

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 1400 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology.  (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
   Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)  V.20-    1982- Volume(issue)/pa

TYPE OF TEST            : Dominant lethal test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 12 gm/kg/10W (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   NTIS** National Technical Information Service.  (Springfield, VA 22161)
   Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
   Vol

TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 16800 mg/kg/4W (Continuous)
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   99,37,1989

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 1200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
   TRENAF Kenkyu Nenpo--Tokyo-toritsu Eisei Kenkyusho.  Annual Report of Tokyo
   Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health.  (Tokyo-toritsu Eisei
   Kenkyusho, 24-1, 3-chome, Hyakunin-cho, Shin-juku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1-
      1949/50-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 28(2),45,1977

TYPE OF TEST            :

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 6 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 13 week(s) pre-mating
                          female 13 week(s) pre-mating  - 3 week(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
   gain)
REFERENCE :
   FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology.  (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
   Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)  V.20-    1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   24,1,1986

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE                    : 12600 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-21 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
   FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for
   Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD)  V.1-46, 1942-87.
   Volume(i

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE

其他信息

  • 爆炸物危险特性:对皮肤,角膜有腐蚀性; 与氧化剂反应激烈
  • 用途四:BHT是国内外广泛使用的油溶性抗氧化剂。虽毒性较大，但其抗氧化能力较强，耐热及稳定性好，既没有特异臭，也没有遇金属离子呈色反应等缺点，而且价格低廉，仅为BHA的1/5～1/8，我国仍作为主要抗氧化剂使用。一般与BHA配合使用，并以柠檬酸或其他有机酸为增效剂。我国规定可用于食用油脂、油炸食品、饼干、方便面、速煮米、果仁罐头、干鱼制品和腌腊肉制品，最大使用量0.2g/kg。本品也具有一定的抗菌作用，但较BHA弱。
  • 用途一:用于有机合成
  • 参考质量标准三:GBl900-80(食品级) 熔点/℃ 69~70 水分/% ≤0.1 灼烧残渣/% ≤0.0l 硫酸盐(以SO4 2- 计)/% ≤0.002 游离酚(以对甲酚计)/% ≤0.02 重金属(以Pb计)/% ≤0.0004 砷(以As计)/% ≤0.000l
  • 上游原料:乙醇 --> 氢氧化钠 --> 磷酸 --> 叔丁醇 --> 异丁烯 --> 异丁醇 --> 4-甲基苯酚 --> 脱水剂 --> 塔板
  • 抗氧剂:抗氧剂 是一种能够抑制或者延缓 高聚物和其他有机化合物在空气中热氧化的有机化合物。通常只要加入1%微小浓度的抗氧剂就非常有效。例如，食品容易氧化变质，可以加入少量抗氧剂以延长它 们的储存时间。塑料、合成纤维和橡胶等高分子材料容易发生热氧降解反应，加入抗氧剂可以保持高分子材料的优良性能，延长使用寿命。抗氧剂的加入要越靠近 老化周期越好，例如在聚合物干燥成粉末之前。 抗氧剂PL-440是具有优秀性能的亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂，可作为高聚物的助抗氧剂和热稳定剂，广泛用于PVC、PET、ABS、聚烯烃、尼龙、PPO、PBT合金、聚苯乙烯和其 他聚合物中。可有效地改善制品的光稳定性、加工稳定性、机械强度以及颜色稳定性和透明性，延长制品的寿命。PL-440具有稳定高聚物熔融粘度的特殊功效。本 产品无毒，可用于
  • 含量分析:内标液准确称取二苯胺或4-叔丁酚500mg，溶于丙酮并定容至250ml。标准液 准确称取标准BHT 100mg，溶于丙酮并定容至50ml。 测定准确称取试样约10mg，溶于内标液并定容至50ml。将该试样液注入一装有氢焰离子检出器的气相色谱仪中。用装有10%XE-60载于100～200目Aeropak 30的玻璃柱(1.5m×3mm内径)，保持等温155℃。注样器和检测器的温度分别为225℃和250℃。用氮载气，流量30ml/min。 用各种浓度的BHT峰高和内标液峰高绘制标准曲线，然后参比标准曲线求取BHT的含量。
  • Sigma Aldrich:128-37-0(sigm
  • 类别:腐蚀物品
  • 易溶于甲苯，溶于丙酮、乙醇、苯、乙醚、异丙醇、甲醇、2-丁酮、乙二醇乙醚、石油醚等有机溶液，不溶于水和碱溶液。半数致死量(小鼠，经口)1040mg/kg，无毒。
  • 使用限量:GB 2760--2001(g/kg)：糖果用香精0.1；食用油脂、油炸食品、干鱼制品、饼干、方便面、速煮面、果仁罐头、腌腊肉制品，0.2；早餐谷类食品，0.2(混用或单用)；口香糖0.4；胶基1.0；香料GMP。 FAO/WHO(1984，mg/kg)：
  • 使用限量:GB 2760--2001(g/kg)：糖果用香精0.1；食用油脂、油炸食品、干鱼制品、饼干、方便面、速煮面、果仁罐头、腌腊肉制品，0.2；早餐谷类食品，0.2(混用或单用)；口香糖0.4；胶基1.0；香料GMP。 FAO/WHO(1984，mg/kg)：一般食用油脂200，乳脂肪200(不得用于直接消费，也不得用于调制奶及其制品)；人造奶油100。 日本(g/kg)：油脂、鱼贝腌制品等0.2，鱼贝冷冻品的浸渍液1，胶姆糖0.75。 USDA (9CFR， §318．7， §381．147，2000%)：干香肠0.003；精炼动物油0.01；人造奶油0.02；家禽0.01(以含脂量计)。 FDA (21CFR， §172．115， §172．615，§173．340，§181．24， §182．3173； §172．515；2000，mg/kg)：脱水马铃薯块、片，红薯片，干早餐谷物，50；起酥油乳化稳定剂200；马铃薯丁10(均以BHT和BHA总量计)；用于消泡剂等0.1%；由食品包装材料移入限量0

系列性分类

  1. Application Areas 应用领域分类
  2. Drug Discovery 新药研发
  3. Pharmacopoeia 药典
  4. Pharmacopoeia A-Z - Pharmacopoeia
  1. Life Science 生命科学
  2. Cell Biology 细胞生物学
  3. Bioactive Small Molecules - Cell Biology
  4. B - Bioactive Small Molecules
  1. Chemical Synthesis 化学合成
  2. Building Blocks 合成砌块
  3. Heterocyclic Building Blocks 杂环合成砌块
  4. Others 其他杂环
  1. Chemical Synthesis 化学合成
  2. Building Blocks 合成砌块
  3. Organic Building Blocks 有机砌块
  4. Oxygen Compounds 氧化合物
  5. Phenols 酚类
  1. Chemical Synthesis 化学合成
  2. Building Blocks 合成砌块
  3. Organic Building Blocks 有机砌块
  4. Oxygen Compounds 氧化合物
  5. Phenols 酚类
  6. C9 to C20+ - Phenols
  1. Chemical Synthesis 化学合成
  2. Building Blocks 合成砌块
  3. Organic Building Blocks 有机砌块
  4. Oxygen Compounds 氧化合物
  5. Protected Alcohols/Phenols - Oxygen Compounds
  1. Analytical & Chromatography 分析化学与色谱
  2. Analytical Standards
  3. Alphabetic - Analytical Standards
  4. D - Alphabetic
  5. DIA - DIC - D
  1. Analytical & Chromatography 分析化学与色谱
  2. Analytical Standards
  3. Chromatography - Analytical Standards
  4. Food &amp; Beverage Standards - Chromatography
  5. Nutraceuticals - Food &amp; Beverage Standards
  6. Chemical Preservatives - Nutraceuticals
  1. Analytical & Chromatography 分析化学与色谱
  2. Analytical Standards
  3. Chromatography - Analytical Standards
  4. Cosmetic Standards - Chromatography
  5. Antioxidants - Cosmetic Standards
  1. Analytical & Chromatography 分析化学与色谱
  2. Analytical Standards
  3. Chromatography - Analytical Standards
  4. Food &amp; Beverage Standards - Chromatography
  5. E numbers (Food Additives) - Food &amp; Beverage Standards
  6. E300&ndash;E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators) - E numbers (Food Additives)
  7. E321 - E300&ndash;E399 (antioxidants, acidity regulators)
  1. Chemical Synthesis 化学合成
  2. Building Blocks 合成砌块
  3. Organic Building Blocks 有机砌块
  4. Oxygen Compounds 氧化合物
  5. Ethers