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• {SNA} Analytical Reagents, Analytical/Chromatography, BioUltra, Derivatization Reagents, Derivatization Reagents TLC, Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Reagents, TLC Reagents, N-R,
• {SNA} Atomic Ab
• {SNA} 19: K, Beaded Materials, Chemical Synthesis, Crystal Grade Inorganics, Essential Chemicals, Inorganic Salts, Metal and Ceramic Science, Potassium, Potassium Salts, Research Essentials, Salts, Synthetic Reagents, 材料科学
• Analytical Reagents, Analytical/Chromatography, By Reference Material, Reference Material Silver nitrate, Salt Conce

产品应用

• 校准仪器和装置；评价方法；工作标准；质量保证/质量控制；其他。

相关文献及参考

• Merck 14 ,7643
• Fieser 5 ,327 / Fieser 6 ,227
• Aldrich MSDS 1 , 1536:A / Corp MSDS 1 (2), 2905:D / RegBook 1 (3), 3351:F / Sax 6 , 2277
• Short: II/24A Title: Molecular Constants mostly from Microwave, Molecular Beam, and Sub-Doppler Laser Spectroscopy: Rotational, l-type, Centrifugal Distortion and Related Constants of Diamagnetic Diatomic, Linear, and Symmetric Top Molecules Author: Demaison, J.; Hübner, H.; Wlodarczak, G. Editor: Hüttner, W. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series Volume: II/24A Year: 1998 Keyword: Diamagnetics Diatomics; Linear Symmetric Rotors; Molecular Constants; Molecules ISBN: 3-540-63267-0 ISBN: 978-3-540-63267-2 Internet Resource: DOI:10.1007/b60165 RefComment: VIII, 286 pages. Hardcover Abstract: Volume II/24 presents the spectroscopic data on diamagnetic and paramagnetic molecules as well as on molecular ions and radicals up to date considering the publications up to and partly including 1997. The spectroscopic information collected in this volume has been obtained principally from gas phase microwave measurements. Volume II/24 is a supplement to volumes II/4, II/6, II/14, and II/19 and is planned to appear in five subvolumes, the last of which will contain the substance index taking into account all molecules worked at since 1967 in the volumes mentioned and will provide cross references to and between all tables of these. The present subvolume II/24A contains the general introduction and tables of rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of diamagnetic diatomic, linear and symmetric-top molecules, i.e. data which roughly specifies the frequencies of the rotational transitions of these types of rotors.
• Short: II/25A Title: Structure Data Of Free Polyatomic Molecules: Inorganic Molecules Author: Graner, G.; Hirota, E.; Iijima, T.; Kuchitsu, K.; Ramsay, D.A.; Vogt, J.; Vogt, N. Editor: Kuchitsu, K. Source: Landolt-Börnstein, New Series

安全信息

GHS Symbol

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1862 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
   Behavioral - muscle weakness
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 120,171,1957

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 916 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 30,407,1927

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 1117 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
   Behavioral - excitement
   Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
REFERENCE :
   JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.  (Williams &
   Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)  V.1-    1909/10-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 120,171,1957

TYPE OF TEST            : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 167 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
REFERENCE :
   AEXPBL Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie.  (Leipzig,
   Ger. Dem. Rep.)  V.1-109, 1873-1925.

TYPE OF TEST            : Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Ascites tumor
DOSE/DURATION           : 500 mg/kg
REFERENCE :
   GANNA2 Gann.  Japanese Journal of Cancer Research.  (Tokyo, Japan)  V.1-75,
   1907-84.  For publisher information, see JJCREP.  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   54,155,1963

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 10530 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 1-9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in
   number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
REFERENCE :
   JRPFA4 Journal of Reproduction and Fertility.  (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot,
   POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK)  V.1-    1960-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 27,265,1971

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 9 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or
   resorbed implants per total number of implants)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,676,1989

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE                    : 1177 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 30 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
   gain)
REFERENCE :
   JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health.  (Hemisphere Pub.,
   1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005)  V.1-    1975

其他信息

• 用途十:广泛应用的基本分析试剂。配制分析用标准碱液。少量二氧化碳和水分的吸收剂。酸的中和。钠盐制造。用于校准测定高分子材料分子量的仪器、评价测量方法和给高分子材料分子量特性量
• 参考质量标准三:GB 5175—2000 指标名称 固体 液体 总碱量/% 95.0～100.5 97.0～103.0(按NaOH标示值折算) 碳酸钠/% ≤3.0 ≤3.0 (按NaOH标示值折算) 砷/% ≤0.0003 ≤0.0003(干基计) 重金属(Pb)/% ≤0.002 ≤0.002(干基计) 铅/％ ≤0.001 ≤0.001(干基计) 不溶物及有机杂质 通过试验 - 汞/%(GT-22) ≤0.00001 ≤0.0001(干基计)
• 特性:纯的无水氢氧化钠为白色半透明，结晶状固体。有强烈的腐蚀性，有吸水性，可用作干燥剂，但是，不能干燥二氧化硫、二氧化碳和氯化氢气体。且在空气中易潮解,氢氧化钠极易溶于水，溶解度随温度的升高而增大，溶解时能放出大量的热，288K时其饱和溶液浓度可达16.4mol/L(1:1)。它的水溶液有涩味和滑腻感，溶液呈强碱性，具备碱的一切通性。市售烧碱有固态和液态两种：纯固体烧碱呈白色，有块状、片状、棒状、粒状，质脆；纯液体烧碱为无色透明液体。氢氧化钠还易溶于乙醇、甘油；但不溶于乙醚、丙酮、液氨。对纤维、皮肤、玻璃、陶瓷等有腐蚀作用，溶解或浓溶液稀释时会放出热量；与无机酸发生中和反应也能产生大量热，生成相应的盐类；与金属铝和锌、非金属硼和硅等反应放出氢；与氯、溴、碘等卤素发生歧化反应。能从水溶液中沉淀金属离子成为氢氧化物；能使油脂发生皂化反应，生成相应的有机酸的钠盐和醇，这是去除织物上的油污的原理。
• 防护措施:具有极强腐蚀性，其溶液或粉尘溅到皮肤上，尤其是溅到粘膜，可产生软痂，并能渗入深层组织。灼伤后留有瘢痕。溅入眼内，不仅损伤角膜，而且可使眼睛深部组织损伤。如不慎溅到皮肤上立即用清水冲洗10min；如溅入眼内，应立即用清水或生理盐水冲洗15min，然后再点入2%奴佛卡因。严重者速送医
• 微有潮解性。久置或见光析出碘即变黄。溶于水、乙醇、丙酮和甘油，不溶于醚、防潮、避光保存。其水溶液呈中性或微碱性，能溶解碘。近似致死量(大鼠，静脉)285mg/kg。
• 食品添加剂最大允许使用量最大允许残留量标准:添加剂中文名称 允许使用该种添加剂的食品中文名称 添加剂功能 最大允许使用量（g/kg） 最大允许残留量（g/kg） 氢氧化钠 食品 食品工业用加工助剂 / 一般应在制成最后成品之前出去，有规定食品中残留量的除外
• 方法一:工业上生产烧碱的方法有苛化法和电解法两种。苛化法按原料不同分为纯碱苛化法和天然碱苛化法；电解法可分为隔膜电解法和离子交换膜法。 纯碱苛化法将纯碱、石灰分别经化碱制成纯碱溶液、化灰制成石灰乳，于99～101℃进行苛化反应，苛化液经澄清、蒸发浓缩至40％以上，制得液体烧碱。将浓缩液进一步熬浓固化，制得固体烧碱成品。苛化泥用水洗涤，洗水用于化碱。其 Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2→2NaOH+CaCO3 天然碱苛化法 天然碱经粉碎、溶解(或者碱卤)、澄清后加人石灰乳在95～100℃进行苛化，苛化液经澄清、蒸发浓缩至NaOH浓度46%左右、清液冷却、析盐后进一步熬浓．制得固体烧碱成品。苛化泥用水洗涤，洗水用于溶解天然碱。其 Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2→2NaOH+CaCO3↓ NaHCO3+Ca(OH)2→NaOH+CaCO3↓+H2O 隔膜电船法将原盐化盐后加入纯碱、烧碱、氯化钡精制剂除去钙、镁、硫酸根离子等杂质，再于澄清槽中加入聚丙烯酸钠或苛化麸皮以加速沉淀，砂滤后加入盐酸中和，盐水经预热后送去电解，电解液经预热、蒸发、分盐、冷却，制得液体烧碱，进一步熬浓即得固体烧碱成品。盐泥洗水用于化盐。其 2NaCl+2H2O[电解] →2NaOH+Cl2↑+H2↑ 离子交换膜法将原盐化盐后按传统的办法进行盐水精制，把一次精盐水经微孔烧结碳素管式过滤器进行过滤后，再经螫合离子交换树脂塔进行二次精制，使盐水中钙、镁含量降到0.002%以下，将二次精制盐水电解，于阳极室生成氯气，阳极室盐水中的Na + 通过离子膜进入阴极室与阴极室的0H生成氢氧化钠，H + 直接在阴极上放电生成氢气。电解过程中向阳极室加入适量的高纯度盐酸以中和返迁的OH - ，阴极室中应加入所需纯水。在阴极室生成的高纯烧碱浓度为30%～32%(质量)，可以直接作为液碱产品，也可以进一步熬浓，制得周体烧碱成品。其 2NaCl+2H2O→2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑