Acrylamide 丙烯酰胺
CAS N/A MFCD00008032
化学结构图
SMILES:
化学属性
| Mol. Formula | C3H5NO |
|---|---|
| Mol. Weight | 71.08 |
| Boiling Point | 125°C/25mmHg(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 83.0 to 87.0 deg-C |
| Density | 1.1 |
| Flash Point | 138°(280°F) |
| TSCA | Yes |
| Vapor Density | 2.45 (vs air) |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.03 mmHg ( 40 °C) |
| Solubility | 可溶, 216 G/100 ML |
| Stability | 对光敏感 |
| Appearance | powder |
| Refractive index | 1.460 |
别名和识别编码
| Chemical Name | Acrylamide |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 79-06-1 |
| Synonym | Acrylsäureamid 2-Propenamide Acrylamid D 丙烯酰胺水合液 acrylamide(solide) Ethylenecarboxamide 2-Propeneamide Ethylencarboxamid NSC 7785 2-丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸酰胺 ACRYLAMIDE MONOMER 丙烯酰胺, 98+% 2-丙烯酰胺;丙烯酸酰胺 ETHYLENECARBOXAMIDE ACRYLAMIDE 2K Acryl amide 丙烯醯胺050-01[6] ACRYLIC ACID AMIDE ACRYLAMIDE HGX Acrylic Amide 丙烯酰胺 丙烯酸酰胺 acrylamide,hydrate Amid kyseliny akrylove Vinyl amide Vinyl Amide Propenamide aam 2-丙烯酰胺 ACRYL-40(TM) Bio-Acrylamide 50 ACRYLAMIDE-HG Acrylamide 2-Propensäureamid RCRA waste number U007 PREMIX ACRYLAMIDE Propenoic acid amide Akrylamid acrylamide(non-specificname) Acrylic amide 丙烯酰胺, ELECTROPHORESIS GRADE, 99+% |
| PubChem Substance ID | 87561828 |
| EC Number | 201-173-7 |
| Beilstein Registry Number | 2(4)1471 |
| MDL Number | MFCD00008032 |
| Reaxys-RN | 605349 |
| Merck Number | 129 |
| Chemical Name Translation | 丙烯酰胺 |
| Wiswesser Line Notation | ZV1U1 |
| LabNetwork Molecule ID | LN00198833 |
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分类
- {SA} Acrylamides, Core Bioreagents, Electrophoresis of Glycans, Glycan Labeling and Analysis, Glycobiology, Life Science Reagents for DNA/RNA Electrophoresis, Life Science Reagents for Western Blotting, Post-Translational Modification, Protein Electrophoresis, Proteomics, Research Essentials, SDS-PAGE
- Protein Sequencing, Protein Structural Analysis, Proteomics, Reagents for Protein Sequencing
- {SNA} Acrylamides, Core Bioreagents, Electrophoresis of Glycans, Glycan Labeling and Analysis, Glycobiology, Life Science Reagents for DNA/RNA Electrophoresis, Life Science Reagents for Western Blotting, Post-Translational Modif
- {uni_hamburg} no charge; amide; 1fragment
产品应用
- 制备聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，供电泳测定蛋白质分子量等。絮凝剂, 土壤稳定剂，增强纸张强度，改进纤维质量，粘结剂。
相关文献及参考
- Merck: 14,129
- Tareke, E., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 4998 (2002),
- Short: III/20a
- Merck: 14,129 Beilstein:2(4)1471
- Peterson, R.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 33, 142 (1975),
- Mottram, D.S., et al.: Nature, 419, 448 (2002),
- Short: II/2
安全信息
GHS Symbol
- H301+H311
- H312+H332
- H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
- H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction 可能导致皮肤过敏
- H301 Toxic if swallowed 吞食有毒
- H350 May cause cancer 可能致癌
- H340 May cause genetic defects 可能导致遗传性缺陷
- H319 Causes serious eye irritation 严重刺激眼睛
- H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child 怀疑对生育能力或未出生婴儿造成伤害
- H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure 长期或频繁接触会损伤器官
- H330 Fatal if inhaled 吸入致命
- H302 Harmful if swallowed 吞食有害
- H334 May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled 吸入可能导致过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难
- P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 不要吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
- P305+P351+P338
- P308+P313
- P501 Dispose of contents/container to..… 处理内容物/容器.....
- P302+P350
- P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
- P201 Obtain special instructions before use. 使用前获取专门指示。
- P284 Wear respiratory protection.? 佩戴呼吸保护装置。
- P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician. 立即呼救解毒中心或医生/医师。
- P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. 使用本产品时不要吃东西，喝水或吸烟。
- P301+P310
- P264 Wash hands thoroughly after handling. 处理后要彻底洗净双手。
- P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
- P305+P351+P338+P337+P313
- P308+P311
- P301+P310+P330
- P302+P352+P312+P361+P364
- P405 Store locked up. 上锁保管。
- P333+P313
- P202 Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. 已阅读并理解所有的安全预防措施之前，切勿操作。
- P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. 污染的工作服不得带出工作场所。
- R25 Toxic if swallowed 吞咽有毒
- R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin 对眼睛和皮肤有刺激性
- R46 May cause inheritable genetic damage 可能引起遗传基因损害
- R45 May cause cancer 可能致癌
- R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact 皮肤接触会产生过敏反应
- R48/23/24/25
- R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility 有削弱生殖能力的危险
- R20/21 Harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin 吸入及与皮肤接触有害
- R36/37/38 Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 对眼睛、呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
- R48/20/21/22
- R22 Harmful if swallowed 吞咽有害
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 24 mg/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,107,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest) ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 72 mg/kg/8W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors REFERENCE : CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941- Volume(issue)/page/year: 44,107,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/kg/2W-I TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors REFERENCE : CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,209,1984
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 1456 mg/kg/2Y-C TOXIC EFFECTS : Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors REFERENCE : TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/y
TYPE OF TEST
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 107 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 47,179,1981
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percen
TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Administration onto the skin SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rabbit DOSE/DURATION : 1680 uL/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions REFERENCE : ATDAEI Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1- 1990- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,115,1990
TYPE OF TEST : LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED : Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION : 190 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
COREAF Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences.
(Paris, France) V.1-261, 1835-1965. For publisher information, see CRASEV.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 153,895,1911TYPE OF TEST : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 90 mg/kg TOXIC EFFECTS : Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value REFERENCE : AMPMAR Archives des Maladies Professionnelles de Medecine du Travail et de Securite Sociale. (SPPIF, B.P.22, F-41353 Vineuil, France) V.7- 1946- Vo
TYPE OF TEST : Specific locus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 50 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 226,157,1989
TYPE OF TEST : Micronucleus test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 100 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation
TYPE OF TEST : Sister chromatid exchange ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 600 mg/kg/10D (Continuous) REFERENCE : ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 7(Suppl 3),79,1985
TYPE OF TEST : Mutation in microorganisms TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse Lymphocyte DOSE/DURATION : 300 mg/L REFERENCE : MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,263,1988
TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - rat DOSE/DURATION : 150 mg/kg/5D (Continuous) REFERENCE : MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,215,1987
TYPE OF TEST : Dominant lethal test ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal TEST SYSTEM : Rodent - mouse DOSE/DURATION : 125 mg/kg REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 173,35,1986
TYPE OF TEST
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Oral SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE : 95 gm/kg SEX/DURATION : female 4 week(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) REFERENCE : ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Ber
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE : 250 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : male 5 day(s) pre-mating TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) REFERENCE : CGANE7 Congenital Anomalies. (Nippon Senten Ijo Gakkai, 377-2 Ono-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka-Fu 589 Japan) V.27- 1987- Volume(issue)/page/year: 34,35,1994
TYPE OF TEST : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose ROUTE OF EXPOSURE : Intraperitoneal SPECIES OBSERVED : Rodent - mouse DOSE : 225 mg/kg SEX/DURATION : female 10-12 day(s) after conception TOXIC EFFECTS : Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system REFERENCE : MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 226,157,1989
其他信息
- 上游原料:氨 --> 丙烯腈 --> 丙烯酸 --> 卡波姆树脂 --> 催化剂 --> 吩噻嗪 --> 丙烯酰胺水溶液 --> 抑制剂
- 用途六:制备聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，供电泳测定蛋白质分子量等。絮凝剂, 土壤稳定剂，增强纸张强度，改进纤维质量，粘结剂。
- 食品中形成:丙烯酰胺主要在高碳水化合物、低蛋白质的植物性食物加热(120°C 以上)烹调过程中形成。140-180℃为生成的最佳温度，而在食品加工前检测不到；在加工温度较低，如用水煮时，丙烯酰胺的水平相当低。水含量也是影响其形成的重要因素，特别是烘烤、油炸食品最后阶段水分减少、表面温度升高后，其形成量更高；但咖啡除外，在焙烤后期反而下降。丙烯酰胺的主要前体物为游离天门冬氨酸（土豆和谷类中的代表性氨基酸）与还原糖，二者发生Maillard反应（一种发生在氨基酸和还原糖之间的非酶褐变反应）生成。食品中形成的丙烯酰胺比较稳定；但咖啡除外，随着储存时间延长，含量反而会降低。
- 控制与预防:1，职业性接触者要通过改革工艺、采取工程技术措施等手段，降低工作场所空气中丙烯酰胺的浓度；同时通过加强个人防护，如戴口罩、手套，穿防护服和鞋等，以防止或减少其进入体内。 2，日常生活中尽量避免过度烹饪食品，如温度过高或加热时间太长。提倡平衡膳食，减少油炸和高脂肪食品的摄入，多吃水果和蔬菜，不要吸烟。 3，由于煎炸食品是我国居民常吃的食物，国家应加强膳食中丙烯酰胺的监测与控制，开展我国人群丙烯酰胺的暴露评估，并研究探索降低加工食品中含量的方法。
- 用途四:聚
- 合成:19世纪末，人类首次从丙烯酰氯与氨合成了丙烯酰胺。 1954年，美国氰氨公司采用丙烯腈硫酸水解工艺进行工业生产。 1972年，日本三井东压化学公司首先建立了骨架铜（见金属催化剂）催化丙烯腈水合制丙烯酰胺的工业装置，此后各国相继开发了不同类型的催化剂，采用此项工艺进行工业生产。 80年代，日本日东化学工业公司实现了用生物催化剂由丙烯腈制丙烯酰胺的工业生产。 硫酸水合法 丙烯腈和水在硫酸存在下水解成丙烯酰胺的硫酸盐，然后用液氨中和生成丙烯酰胺和硫酸铵： CH2＝CHCN+H2O+H2SO4 ─→CH2＝CHCONH2·H2SO4 CH2＝CHCONH2·H2SO4+2NH3─→CH2＝CHCONH2+(NH4)2SO4 此法的缺点是副产大量价值低廉、肥效不高的硫酸铵，又存在严重的硫酸腐蚀和污染等问题。 催化水合法 丙烯腈与水在铜系催化剂的作用下，于70～120℃、0.4MPa压力下进行液相水合反应。 CH2＝CH-CN+H2O─→CH2＝CHCONH2反应后滤去催化剂，回收未反应的丙烯腈，丙烯酰胺水溶液经浓缩、冷却得结晶。该法工艺流程简单，收率可达98％以上。
- 用途五:丙烯酰胺是丙烯酰胺系和甲基丙烯酰胺系产品中最重要的产品。自1954年用于工业后，需要逐步增长。主要用来制取能溶于水的聚合物，而这种聚丙烯酰胺可作为添加剂用以提高石油的回收率；用作絮凝剂、增厚剂和造纸助剂。少量丙烯酰胺被用来将亲水中心引入亲油的聚合物中以改善粘度，提高软化点和提高树脂的抗溶剂性，并且可以为染料的受色性引入一个中心。丙烯酰胺还常常被用作感光聚合物的一个组分。在乙烯基聚合物中，在交联反应中可以使用这种酰胺基的反应活性。丙烯酰胺可以与某些单体，如乙酸乙烯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯、乙烯叉二氯、丙烯腈等共聚获得具有多种用途的聚合物。主要应用领域：(1)油田用 该品用于油田注水井调整吸水剖面。将本品与引发剂、除氧剂等混合，注入注水井高渗透层带。在地层下聚合成高粘度的聚合物。封堵大孔道，增加扫油体积，提高采油率。此外，本品的聚合物或共聚物，可用于三次采油、压裂、堵水、钻井混浆处理以及化学灌浆等。(2)作絮凝剂 该品的部分水解物或与甲基纤维素的接枝共聚物，用于工厂废水处理及下水处理。(3)土壤改良剂 利用该品水解物作土壤改良剂，可使土壤团粒化，改善空气流通性、水渗透性和保水性。(4)纤维改性与树脂加工 将丙烯酰胺进行氨基甲酰化或接枝聚合。可用于改善含合成纤维的各种纤维的树脂整理，经纱以及作印染浆料使用，以改善纤维织物的基础物性，防皱、防缩和手感好。(5)纸力增强剂 丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的共聚物或聚丙烯酰胺的部分水解物，可用作纸力培强剂，代替已经使用的淀粉、水溶性氨基树脂或者共用。(6)胶粘剂 有聚丙烯酰胺与酚醛树脂溶液并用的玻璃纤维胶粘剂，以及与合成橡胶并用的压敏胶。
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